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What does "exhaust other reasonable means" mean?

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Congrats on the buck & a successful track by Rebel!

I've got a question based on MDC's wording as it relates to the use of a dog to track deer on their website & regulation book, since it states you're suppose to have exhausted other reasonable means of finding an animal before a dog is used in addition to also contacting the CO.

I'm not throwing accusations out, I ask only because your story reads like you decided to bring Rebel out ASAP when the trail first became difficult to find/follow. What have the CO's you've contacted prior to your track jobs asked in relation to the have you "exhausted other reasonable means" wording or do they just give you the green light to track and not ask for other details?

Frequently I see comments like "call in a dog" every time a deer isn't located immediately. Blood tracking is not an easy task and I believe most people get so wound up after shooting an animal that they overlook or disturb key sign and just break out the dog at the first sign of trouble. It's slightly concerning seeing all the people on other online hunting forums that own a "dog" and assume it can track a deer without any training for them or the owner; I know that isn't the case with you & Rebel:cheers:

Use of dogs to hunt and recover game
Dogs may not be used to hunt deer. However, you may use leashed dogs to track and recover mortally wounded deer, provided you:

  • Have exhausted other reasonable means of finding the animal,
  • Contact a conservation agent,
  • Do not possess firearms or bows during dog-tracking activities, and
  • Maintain control of the leashed dog at all times.
You bring up some interesting points and since I am off today, just dropped my deer off with coyotekiller to get it mounted, and just opened a beer I figured I would start the discussion.

I think your first question is-what does "exhausted other reasonable means" really mean?

My definition is based on my experience and knowledge. I would not say I am an expert by any stretch of the imagination, but I have done a lot of tracks, read several books on the subject, and talked with people much more knowledgeable than I. I would not say my dog is the best dog for tracking. To be honest if I shot a deer of a lifetime, there are at least a couple of other trackers in the state that I would call to track for me. With that said, Rebel has been bred and trained to track since she was a young puppy. We have tracked deer for MDC agents, we have worked MDC veteran hunts, and other veteran hunts organized by non-profit organizations. We don't find every deer. No dog does or ever will. Most of the time that is not the dogs fault (I am speaking about trained dogs here.) Not every deer dies. A lot of deer are not found because they are not dead. The only real measurable stat I can give is-there has only been one deer that Rebel tracked and did not find that was later found. We tried to find a deer for Combatmedic that a relative of his shot. It was raining and continued to rain all night. We went out hoping to get lucky knowing that a large amount of rain was going to work against us. They found the deer a few days later and if I recall correctly we walked within 10-15 yards of it. We have had several, that later showed up on game cameras or were seen again. A few even the hunter got a second chance at. There have also been several that we just don't know for sure.

The advice I give people is, first, if you can't see the deer go down from your stand stay put for at least an hour. Go to the shot site and try not to walk around too much, look at the arrow and see what it tells you. (Take a pic) If you have a blood trail follow it the best you can until it stops. When you get to last blood and after 30 minutes or so you have not picked it up again, consider calling for a dog. Keep in mind it may take a while to find someone with a dog and they need time to get there. But that rarely happens. Usually the hunter, and his buddies, and his buddies buddies, spend several hours walking all over the woods looking for blood or hoping to trip over the deer. The whole time the scent is deteriorating especially during early bow season when it is warm and gets tracked all over the woods.

So based on this, yesterday my last blood was at the shot site. I had no arrow. I had already looked and found no blood for the first 75 yards where I thought he had gone. Even after my dog tracked it and I knew the path, I still did not find blood for the first 100 yards and that was a single drop and would have been easily missed. I texted the local agent at 8:50 so I had been looking for almost an hour before sending the text. I didn't start the track until 9:15. In my opinion, I had "exhausted all reasonable means." I had no blood to follow and I did not know where the track was, so I could and probably would l have done more harm than good. Grid searching is not a reasonable means, especially when you have a trained dog available. When I started tracking I did not know if the deer had gone 200 yards or 2 miles, and it was very possible he may not be dead.

I have dealt with several MDC agents and every single one want the deer to be found and are advocates for using trained tracking dogs. Not one has questioned me about what means had been taken. I have never been denied. Actually when discussing this issue with one agent he brought up a great point. The regulation says you must "Contact a conservation agent" nowhere does it say you have to receive approval. This was in a discussion about what to do if I was unable to reach an agent. Keep in mind during deer season these guys work LONG hours and they have to get some sleep or otherwise unavailable. I have been told that has long as I have sent a text notifying them, I have met the requirement of "contacting an agent." Usually I have been successful with notifying an agent in a bordering county. Some agents may not be good with this, but every one I have dealt with has been.

As far as the last part, I may see it a little different than you. There are a lot of different breeds out there that can track and find deer. Rebel and I had done several practice tracks with cow blood which is all I could get at the time before we went on the first track that Beanpile mentioned in the other thread. Dogs and handlers get better with practice and the ONLY way to do that is by doing real wild deer tracks. When I would do a practice track, I would make the trail. So was Rebel really following the blood trail or was she following my scent that I made dripping the blood? Also has I mentioned in my other post, blood is just part of the scent. Many times there is no blood or very little visible blood, (that's why they are calling for a dog :) )but there is deer scent from a real deer which is very difficult to create for practice. So if Billy Bob wants to take his **** hound out and try to train it to track deer, I would say go for it. They've got to start somewhere and there is no way possible they are going to get better at tracking real deer than to track real deer. I think most, if not all conservation agents would be very supportive of that. I actually had an agent call me and ask me if I wanted to come and track a deer that was certainly dead just for practice. I did as many "chip shots" when I could with Rebel early on. I told the agent I was doing it to train my dog and they thought that was a great idea. A dog does not learn by being unsuccessful. They learn by doing real tracks and finding a real deer at the end of the track.

One thing I would change, MDC should review the regs and make a provision for trackers to carry a firearm for protection. On two occasions, we have found pretty good size bucks that were mortally wounded, but still had enough life in them to hurt or kill a dog or a tracker. Actually the deer in my avatar was one of those. Rebel had him by the throat and he was swinging her like a rag doll at first. When he tired a little I STUPIDLY grabbed his rack and forced him to the ground. The hunter was behind me and came up with a dull pocket knife and cut his throat. It was pretty ugly, down right dangerous, and in my opinion very unethical. Many states regulations allow for trackers to carry a sidearm or a shotgun for personal protection. Some think that could be abused, BUT IMO if a wounded deer lets you get that close they more than likely are going to die and need to be ethically dispatched with something other than a dull pocket knife. Keep in mind a tracking dog is required to be on lead so you are way too close if the wounded deer can get to your dog or vice versa.

Probably a much longer response than expected but sometimes I can be long winded lol. BTW I am on my 3rd beer now lol.
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I can agree with everything except caring a guy to dispatch the deer that is only doing salvation a deer would do,injures or not when a dog is tormenting it.
I can agree with everything except caring a guy to dispatch the deer that is only doing salvation a deer would do,injures or not when a dog is tormenting it.
If a deer is in bad enough shape to let a dog on a leash torment it, it needs killed.
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That’s all very good and reasonable explanation. The first thought that I had when reading “exausting” all other means or whatever, is that you looked and looked, got help, grid search for hours, etc. You make a good point that by the end of all that, you have compromised the track to where a dog is increasingly less effective.
I was thinking about trailblazers doe and how he did things right as well. he did his best not to compromise the trail but do his best to find the deer IF it was dead and findable... he had the presence of mind to be prepared enough to have a trackers contact information with him, as valuable a tool these days as even a knife would be.
Very good read, very good information.
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If a hunter gives up on a blood trailing after 30 minutes, he didn't do his job well enough or 'exhaust all reasonable means" IMO. Even when the blood "stops", there's no way I'm waving the white flag that soon. 90+% of the time there's more blood, it just isn't seen or found.
Blood trailing is almost an art form when it's not a red carpet. I have been very fortunate to have a couple friends that are absolutely kick a$$ at it and I can hold my own. Most guys don't have their sh*t together after they drop the string or pull the trigger and miss very crucial information in those following seconds affecting everything thereafter.
The only way hunters get better at it is to do it, humans can't practice unlike dogs. Calling in a dog teaches the shooter nothing but to tap out in some instances. Don't get me wrong, dogs absolutely have their place in recovering deer but it shouldn't be the first course of action in a lot of cases.
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If a hunter gives up on a blood trailing after 30 minutes, he didn't do his job well enough or 'exhaust all reasonable means" IMO. Even when the blood "stops", there's no way I'm waving the white flag that soon. 90+% of the time there's more blood, it just isn't seen or found.
Blood trailing is almost an art form when it's not a red carpet. I have been very fortunate to have a couple friends that are absolutely kick a$$ at it and I can hold my own. Most guys don't have their sh*t together after they drop the string or pull the trigger and miss very crucial information in those following seconds affecting everything thereafter.
The only way hunters get better at it is to do it, humans can't practice unlike dogs. Calling in a dog teaches the shooter nothing but to tap out in some instances. Don't get me wrong, dogs absolutely have their place in recovering deer but it shouldn't be the first course of action in a lot of cases.
I can certainly appreciate that also. I've never used a dog so out of my league commenting probably. Been pretty lucky through the years although I hardly ever take shots that arent chip shots, so that is helpful also. I don't need a deer bad enough to make a bad choice on the shot, although anything can happen and no two experiences are the same it seems.
The whole shot election thing can't be overlooked. I'd wager a lot of unrecovered deer are due to marginal shots, poor judgement, rushing shots etc etc etc. Too many shooters have a "now or never" moment that winds up in a Hail Mary sh*t shot.
Passing deer when they are in range isn't easy, especially when antlers are involved.
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Quick question on needing a gun with a dog, am I wrong or is t a dog supposed to be on leash? If so, not sure why it would be latched onto a dying deers neck? Like rat, don’t know all the rules when using a dog
The goal is finding the deer. I don't see any issues with proceeding in the manner @Army SGM described. Dispatching everyone and their buddies from deer camp to disturb/scent up the area puts the canine and it's handler at a major disadvantage before tracking even starts. Depending on the time year, weather, etc. your only putting the canine at a greater disadvantage imo. Not every hunter has the same experience or time in the field as others. Some hunters are completely new to the game. A new hunter that realizes his/her own limitations can learn just as much following a reputable handler on a search as he/she would following an experienced hunter on a blood trail without a dog. The key is finding an individual that has the trailing experience albeit with or without a dog. Everyone's situation and experience will always be different. Both situations provide a teachable environment.
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The whole shot election thing can't be overlooked. I'd wager a lot of unrecovered deer are due to marginal shots, poor judgement, rushing shots etc etc etc. Too many shooters have a "now or never" moment that winds up in a Hail Mary sh*t shot.
Passing deer when they are in range isn't easy, especially when antlers are involved.
Spot on wings with the shot selections and marking exactly where the deer was last seen, then giving it time, and especially giving it the right amount of time after the arrow is reviewed.

Blood trailing a a painstaking necessity sometimes and a challenged all may not be equipped to tackle.
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Quick question on needing a gun with a dog, am I wrong or is t a dog supposed to be on leash? If so, not sure why it would be latched onto a dying deers neck? Like rat, don't know all the rules when using a dog
Yes a dog must be on a leash when tracking, I use a thin flexible lead that is about 20 feet long. (Can see it in one of the pics.) When my dog tracks she generally covers a lot of ground so that type of lead makes it easier to maneuver through, in, and around trees and brush. Wounded deer generally head for thick cover. Just because a dog is on a leash doesn't mean it is not going to go after the deer. On both occasions where we have gotten to a live deer, my dog has done what most dogs do naturally, she tried to grab it by it's throat and hold it down. One time I pulled her back before she got close enough. The other time I referred to was at night and she went though some brush and was on the deer before I knew it was there. She doesn't care that the deer weighs over 100 pounds more and has a rack. Her breed is used for wild boar, bears, mountain lions etc because of their aggressiveness. Big dog, small dog, doesn't matter a wounded deer when cornered is going to defend itself until it can't. Any dog or person that approaches it is a threat.

Currently when you track game you can not carry a firearm or a bow. So if you come to a live deer you have a couple of choices, back away and let it continue to die a slow death which in a case where the deer is gut shot you could be waiting for several hours until they eventually succumb to septic shock or if possible try to give it as humane a death as you can. It is pretty difficult to be humane without a firearm or a bow to dispatch the animal. The best and only option we had was to cut it's throat with a knife. I guess there is a third option, if you find a deer during day light hours, you could back out, and the hunter could return with a firearm or bow and hope it is still in the same spot or nearby when he got there.
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If a hunter gives up on a blood trailing after 30 minutes, he didn't do his job well enough or 'exhaust all reasonable means" IMO. Even when the blood "stops", there's no way I'm waving the white flag that soon. 90+% of the time there's more blood, it just isn't seen or found.
Blood trailing is almost an art form when it's not a red carpet. I have been very fortunate to have a couple friends that are absolutely kick a$$ at it and I can hold my own. Most guys don't have their sh*t together after they drop the string or pull the trigger and miss very crucial information in those following seconds affecting everything thereafter.
The only way hunters get better at it is to do it, humans can't practice unlike dogs. Calling in a dog teaches the shooter nothing but to tap out in some instances. Don't get me wrong, dogs absolutely have their place in recovering deer but it shouldn't be the first course of action in a lot of cases.
So if you believe a hunter didn't do his job well enough because he could not pick up the track after looking for 30 minutes from the last sign/blood, at what point and circumstances do you believe it would be reasonable for a hunter to contact a dog handler?
Every situation is different, but 30 minutes is not nearly enough effort in my opinion.
An example is the deer I shot at about 6:30 pm on opening day, very short yardage shot and I knew I hit one lung and liver. There was minimal blood from the POI to where the deer bedded as I watched him bed up after the shot. Unfortunately a neighbor started to run around on a side by side very close to where the deer bedded (semi-suburban area and small property) and bumped the deer out of his bed. We pulled out for 3'ish hours before we picked up the track from the POI. Very little blood was found over the first 65 yards until we got to his bed, I'd guess we spent way more than 30 minutes just covering that distance going on pin drops with some being 4-6 yards apart. From the bed, there was zero blood to be found in the dark. I spent the better part of an hour in the 20'ish square feet immediately around the bed. Pete and I discussed how to proceed from there and given the temps that day, there was zero point zero percent chance of me leaving him lay overnight especially knowing the shot was fatal. We opted to sweep around hoping to pick up something on one of the trails in that immediate area, again nothing to be seen in the dark. Both of us are experienced enough to tread VERY lightly and stay off to the side of trails and disturb as little as possible.
Long story short, the deer didn't go more than maybe 40-50 yards from his bed and was recovered about 4 hours after the shot. I wish I wouldn't have had to work on Monday and been able to go back in daylight to see what we couldn't find in the dark. Granted with the high entry and low exit that was plugged with intestine. I cut the diaphragm on the exit but didn't puncture the intestines thankfully but there wasn't going to be much if any good bleeding. There was blood leading to his bed, I'd almost guarantee there was blood when he got up from the bed, we just didn't find it.
A lot of this is based on experience and the specific circumstances of that hunt, shot & recovery. I'm not nay saying the use of dogs by any means, I just think a lot guys are capable of doing more work if done correctly before opting out. A lot of the social media groups I follow have "call a dog" as the first course of action when someone shoots a deer that doesn't fall over in sight.
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I’m all for whatever recovers the most deer. If a guy has easy access to a good dog like in this case, turn that puppy loose
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I'm all for whatever recovers the most deer. If a guy has easy access to a good dog like in this case, turn that puppy loose
But on a leash. Lol
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You shouldn't have to explain your actions. Congratulations!
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What does "exhaust other reasonable means" mean?

Things such as infrared drone searching. That should always be used before a dog is brought in.:D

Funny thing is that there were old timers used dogs long before there was ever anything in the regs. Lot of deer recovered by men who are now long gone, whose blueheeler cattle dog that went everywhere with them, are the ones responsible for sniffing out the deer.

I have also seen several blueheelers make $4000 birddogs look like idiots.(better noses and more brains)
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You shouldn't have to explain your actions. Congratulations!
Nobody asked him to "explain is actions" in and accusatory manner...I'm very intrigued with scent trialing with a dog and have a pup I'd like to start working with since she's shown some promise on small training lines. He's got first hand knowledge so I did ask him to expand on his experiences with CO's around MO and the wording of MDC's regulations.

There was no ill will or intent towards the OP and he did a great job explaining the way he looks at track jobs. It was very informative and I for one appreciated the response and feedback....THANK YOU for explaining yourself @Army SGM!
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Whats reasonable? Hot weather and you want to save the meat? Can't find it quick? Get the dog, save the meat.
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